04：孤独（mp3+中英）

Solitude
孤独
I find it wholesome to be alone the greater part of the time.To be in company,even with the best, is soon wearisome. I love to be alone. I never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude. We are for the most part more lonely when we go abroad among men than when we stay in our chambers. A man thinking or working is always alone, let him be where he will. Solitude is not measured by the miles of space that intervene between a man and his fellows. 'The really diligent student in one of the crowded hives of Cambridge College is as solitary as a dervish in the desert. The farmer can work alone in the field or the woods all day, hoeing or chopping，and not feel lonesome. beacause he is employed; but when he comes home at night he cannot sit down in a room alone, at the mercy of his thoughts, but must be where he can "see the folks," and recreate, and,as he thinks. remunerate himself for his day's solitude; and hence he wonders how the student can sit alone in the house all night and most of the day without ennui and "the blues"; but he does not realize that the student, though in the house, is still at work in his field, and chopping in his woods, as the farmer ire his. and in turn seeks the same recreation and society that the latter does, though it may be a more condensed form of it.
大部分时候，我发现独处都是有益于健康的。有人陪伴，即使是最好的同伴，不久也会心生厌烦，兴致将消散。我爱独处。我没有遇见比孤独更好的伴侣了。我们置身国外，立行人群之中，通常比独处室内更加寂寞。一个思考着的或工作着的人总是孤独的，就让他去他想去的地方吧。孤独不是以和同伴之间的距离里程来衡量的。真正勤奋的学生，在剑桥学院一个拥挤的蜂房里，就像沙漠中的苦行僧一样孤单。农夫可以整日在田间或林中独自工作，耕地或者伐木，却并不感到寂寞，因为他有活儿干;可是当他晚上回到家中，却不能在房间坐下独自思考，而必须去“能看到乡亲”的地方消遣娱乐，正如他所想的，去补偿他五天的孤寂;因此他不明白学生如何可以整日整夜地独坐在家里，而不感到倦怠和“优郁”;但他没有意识到，学生虽然身处室内，却依然在自己的田野上耕耘，在自己的森林中采伐.就像农夫在他的田地林间工作一样，之后学生也和农夫一样要去寻求消遣，山要去交朋结友，只是娱乐方式可能更加简明一些。
Society is commonly too cheap. We meet at very short intervals, not having had time to acquire any new value for each other. We meet at meals three times a day, and give each other a new taste of that old mushy cheese that we are. We have had to agree on a certain set of rules, called etiquette and politeness, to make this frequent meeting tolerable and that we need not come to open war.We meet at the post office, and at the sociable,and about the fireside every night; we live thick and are in each other's way, and stumble over one another, and I think that we thus lose some respect for one another. Certainly less frequency would suffice for all important and hearty communications. Consider the girls in a factory-never alone, hardly in their dreams. It would be better if there were but one inhabitant to a square mile, as where I live.The value of a man is not in his skin.
社会交际往往极其廉价。我们相聚的时间十分短暂,没有足够的时间让彼此获得任何有价值的新事物。我们在一日三餐的时候见面，我们就如陈腐的奶略，却让彼此相互品尝出新味道。我们必须一致同意若干条规则，也就是我们所谓的礼节和礼貌，使这种经常的聚会相安无事，我们还要一致同意我们没有争吵的必要。我们在邮局碰面，在社交场合碰面，每天晚上在炉火边碰面;我们生活得很拥挤，相互干扰，彼此牵绊，我想，我们因此失去了对彼此的尊重。当然，所有重要的、真诚的沟通，次数少一些就足够了。想一想工厂里的女工——永远不会独处，甚至在梦中也难得是独自一人。如果一平方英里只有一个居民，就像我这样，那要好多了。一个人的价值不在于他的外在。

课堂笔记：
1.代词“it”用作形式宾语，指代真正的宾语不定式‘to be alone the greater part of the time" 。
2.“as”在此作连词，后接从句，表示“和...一样”从句中省略了谓语，完整的结构应为:"as solitude was companionable"。
3."as"在此处引导定语从句，表示“正如……那样”，先行词为整个句子“( he must ) ... remunerate himself for his day's solitude(他必须要补偿一天的孤寂)"。
4.英语“the blues”有“蓝调音乐;忧郁”等含义.常用搭配有:give sb.the blues(使某人情绪低落)，get/have the blues"(郁郁不乐).
5.当主从句中的谓语一致时，从句中的谓语予以省略.此处的从句就省略了谓语部分，完整的句子结构应为“as the farmer is at work in his field ... and in his woods"。
6.此处作者把“we”比作“old musty cheese(陈腐的奶酪)。
7.此句的句子主干为:"We have had to agree on a certain set of rules...and that we need not come to open war."(我们不得不认可一定的规则，并一致同意毫无争吵的必要.)句中的分词结构“called etiquette and politeness" 用作“rules”的定语，不定式“to make this frequent meeting tolerable"用作目的状语，说明“认同规则”的目的。
8.固定搭配"in sb's way”表示“挡某人的路”。和“Way"有关的搭配还有:in this way〔以这种方式);on the way(在途中);by way of途经);by the way(顺便说):in no way(绝不)等等.
9.此句运用了虚拟语气，表示对现在的虚拟。连词“as”后省略了“it is".